Syzygium aromaticum como candidato a bactericida: efectos en la microbiota oral / Syzygium aromaticum as a bactericidal candidate: effects on the oral microbiota

El cavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum) es un árbol, originario de Indonesia, con altura variable, pero que sobre pasa los 10 metros de altura, perteneciente a la familia de las Myrtaceae y cuyas flores que no han abierto, se convierten en botones, que al secar son los mencionados clavos de olor. Poseen como componente principal el Eugenol, entre otros compuestos orgánicos. Por sus características bioquímicas y organolépticas, le proporcionan varios beneficios para la salud, por actuar como estimulantes, antioxidante, con acción antibacterial, antiespasmódicas, además de su marcada acción analgésica y anestésica. Por su parte, la microbiota oral, está conformada por un amplio conjunto de microorganismos pertenecientes al ecosistema bucal y que a través del equilibrio de los mismos, se logrará un adecuado funcionamiento y desarrollo de las funciones fisiológicas en pro de la salud bucal del individuo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar los datos específicos en el uso del clavo de olor como agente bactericida en las afecciones bucodentales, encontrándose que si puede ser usado como agente bactericida por su marcado efecto sobre la microbiota oral a nivel de eliminar los microorganismos nocivos presentes en la misma, ya que actúa inhibiendo la recomposición de las proteínas, los ácidos nucleicos y la membrana de la pared celular, cambiando la permeabilidad de las células de los microorganismos, favoreciendo su muerte y a su ves favoreciendo el adecuado equilibrio de la microbiota oral, necesario para la adecuada salud bucodental(AU)

The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a tree, native to Indonesia, with variable height, but that exceeds 10 meters in height, belonging to the Myrtaceae family and whose flowers that have not opened, become buttons, that when drying are the aforementioned cloves. Their main component is Eugenol, among other organic compounds. Due to their biochemical and organoleptic characteristics, they provide several health benefits, for acting as stimulants, antioxidant, with antibacterial, antispasmodic action, in addition to their marked analgesic and anesthetic action. For its part, the oral microbiota is made up of a wide set of microorganisms belonging to the oral ecosystem and that through their balance, an adequate functioning and development of physiological functions will be achieved in favor of the oral health of the individual. The objective of this research is to examine the specific data on the use of cloves as a bactericidal agent in oral conditions, finding that it can be used as a bactericidal agent due to its marked effect on the oral microbiota at the level of eliminating harmful microorganisms present in it, since it acts by inhibiting the recomposition of proteins, nucleic acids and the cell wall membrane, changing the permeability of the cells of microorganisms, favoring their death and in turn favoring the proper balance of the oral microbiota, necessary for proper oral health(AU)

Identification, biological characteristics, and control of pathogen causing Pinellia ternata soft rot in Hubei province / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC_(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) / Composição química e atividades biológicas do óleo essencial das flores de Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were α-cadinol (37.8%), β-caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), α-selinene (8.8%), β-selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 μg/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 μg/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.

Resumo Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria patogênica que vive dentro dos vasos do xilema hospedeiro, onde forma um biofilme responsável por interromper a passagem de água e nutrientes. Pectobacterium carotovorum é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa não só podridão macia em várias plantas hospedeiras, mas também canela-preta na batata por degradação da parede celular da planta. A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, é comumente tratada com nifurtimox e benzonidazol, duas drogas que causam vários efeitos colaterais. Como resultado, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas e negligenciadas aumentou nos últimos anos e as plantas continuam sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, pela primeira vez, a composição química do óleo essencial de flores de Psidium guajava (PG-EO) e avaliar suas propriedades anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e citotóxica in vitro. PG-EO foi obtido por hidrodestilação em um aparelho Clevenger, enquanto sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização por chama (CG-DIC) e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Os principais compostos identificados no PG-EO foram α-cadinol (37,8%), β-cariofileno (12,2%), nerolidol (9,1%), α-selineno (8,8%), β-selineno (7,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,2%). Os resultados mostraram que o PG-EO apresentou forte atividade tripanocida contra as formas tripomastigotas de T. cruzi (CI50 = 14,6 μg/mL), promissora atividade antibacteriana contra X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12,5 μg/mL) e P. carotovorum (MIC = 62,5 μg/mL) e citotoxicidade moderada contra células epiteliais aderentes (LLCMK2) na faixa de concentração (CC50 = 250,5 μg/mL). Em suma, o PG-EO pode ser considerado uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas e drogas tripanocidas.

Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of aqueous andhydroalcoholic extracts of three medicinal plants against foodpathogens / Fitoquímica e atividade antibacteriana de extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de trêsplantas medicinais contra patógenos de alimentos

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical compositions of three medicinal Brazilian plants’ leaves and bast extracts, and to determine their antibacterial activity on three foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Parkia platycephala, Pouteria ramiflora and Lophanthera lactescens leaves and basts were collected and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Qualitative screening of the phytochemical extracts was performed with three replicates and in triplicate in order to identify the bioactive compounds. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericide Concentration were determined by microdilution in broth and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed on agar plates. Phytochemical composition analysis allowed for the identification of anthraquinones, catechins, saponins, tannins, sesquiterpenlactones and other lactones in the three plants’ leaves and bast aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Eighty-three percent of the plant extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and P. platycephala extracts were the only ones that inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium growth. The present study contributes significantly to the phytochemical composition characterization of three plant species commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine. The plant extracts’ in vitro antibacterial activity was demonstrated and catechins present in the extracts are, most likely, the bioactive compounds responsible for this action.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição fitoquímica dos extratos de folhas e das entrecascas de três plantas medicinais brasileiras e determinar a sua atividade antimicrobiana contra três patógenos bacterianos de alimentos. Foram elaborados extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos, por meio de folhas e de entrecascas de Parkiaplatycephala, Pouteriaramiflora e Lophantheralactescens. O estudo qualitativo dos extratos foi realizado com três réplicas, em triplicata, para permitir a identificação dos compostos bioativos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima foram determinadas por microdiluição contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium e Staphylococcus aureus. A análise da composição fitoquímica permitiu identificar antraquinonas, catequinas, saponinas, taninas, sesquiterpenlactonas e outras lactonas nos extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos das folhas e das entrecascas das três plantas. Oitenta e três porcento dos extratos das plantas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra S. aureus. Os extratos de P. platycephala foram os únicos que inibiram o crescimento de E. coli e S. typhimurium. Este estudo contribui significativamente para a caracterização da composição fitoquímica de três espécies de plantas, frequentemente, utilizadas na medicina tradicional brasileira. A atividade antibacteriana, in vitro, dos extratos das plantas foi demonstrada, e as catequinas são, provavelmente, o composto bioativo responsável por essa atividade.

Application of vaporized hydrogen peroxide in field of disinfection / 医疗卫生装备

The vaporized hydrogen peroxide had its applicability, mechanism and generation mode introduced, and its application was analyzed in the hospitals, bio-safety labs and etc in foreign countries and China. It's pointed out that emphases in China had to be placed on vaporized hydrogen peroxide concentration real-time monitoring when used for disinfection.The relationship was determined between vaporized hydrogen peroxide concentration and disinfection effect,and the studies were carried out on domestic production and automation of the vaporized hydrogen peroxide equipment. The vaporized hydrogen peroxide was indicated to gain a brilliant application prospect in the field of disinfection.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were -cadinol (37.8%), -caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), -selinene (8.8%), -selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 g/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 g/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 g/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 g/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.

Resumo Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria patogênica que vive dentro dos vasos do xilema hospedeiro, onde forma um biofilme responsável por interromper a passagem de água e nutrientes. Pectobacterium carotovorum é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa não só podridão macia em várias plantas hospedeiras, mas também canela-preta na batata por degradação da parede celular da planta. A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, é comumente tratada com nifurtimox e benzonidazol, duas drogas que causam vários efeitos colaterais. Como resultado, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas e negligenciadas aumentou nos últimos anos e as plantas continuam sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, pela primeira vez, a composição química do óleo essencial de flores de Psidium guajava (PG-EO) e avaliar suas propriedades anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e citotóxica in vitro. PG-EO foi obtido por hidrodestilação em um aparelho Clevenger, enquanto sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização por chama (CG-DIC) e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Os principais compostos identificados no PG-EO foram -cadinol (37,8%), -cariofileno (12,2%), nerolidol (9,1%), -selineno (8,8%), -selineno (7,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,2%). Os resultados mostraram que o PG-EO apresentou forte atividade tripanocida contra as formas tripomastigotas de T. cruzi (CI50 = 14,6 g/mL), promissora atividade antibacteriana contra X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12,5 g/mL) e P. carotovorum (MIC = 62,5 g/mL) e citotoxicidade moderada contra células epiteliais aderentes (LLCMK2) na faixa de concentração (CC50 = 250,5 g/mL). Em suma, o PG-EO pode ser considerado uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas e drogas tripanocidas.

Efecto de un extracto etanólico de propóleos sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa en estado planctónico y sésil / Effect of ethanol extract of propolis on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic and sessile

Pseudomonas aeruginosa es un bacilo Gram negativo no fermentador de glucosa comúnmente aislado en infecciones nosocomiales. El incremento de la resistencia a los antibióticos y la participación de este microorganismo en patologías que cursan con formación de biopelículas da como resultado la falla usual de los antimicrobianos, por lo que resulta interesante estudiar el extracto etanólico de propóleos (EEP) como alternativa terapéutica frente a este patógeno oportunista. En este sentido, el objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del EEP sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa en estado planctónico y sésil. El estudio se enmarcó en una investigación de tipo descriptiva, cuasi-experimental. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y bactericida (CMB) en estado planctónico por el método de macrodilución en tubos y en estado sésil por microdilución sobre biopelículas formadas en placas de poliestireno. Los resultados mostraron que el EEP, posee actividad bacteriostática parcial pero no total a 4% y actividad bactericida a 8% sobre P. aeruginosa en estado planctónico. Mientras que en estado sésil no hubo efecto bacteriostático ni bactericida. Se concluye que el EEP del Edo. Táchira Venezuela es efectivo frente a P. aeruginosa en estado planctónico pero no tiene actividad antimicrobiana sobre biopelículas formadas por la misma especie.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus that is commonly isolated in nosocomial infections. The usual antimicrobials failure is the result of the increase in antibiotics resistance and this microorganism’s involvement in pathologies with biofilm formation. Therefore, the ethanol extract of propolis becomes an interesting subject of study as a therapeutic alternative against this opportunist pathogen. In this regard, the main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) over Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic and sessile state. This research was categorized as a descriptive quasi-experimental type of investigation. It was determined the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericide (MBC) concentration by the macrodilution tubes method in planktonic state, and the microdilution over biofilms formed on polystyrene plates in sessile state. The results showed that whereas there wasn’t a bacteriostatic or bactericide effect in sessile state, the EEP possesses 4% of non total but partial bacteriostatic activity and 8% of bactericide activity over P. aeruginosa in planktonic state. It concludes that the EEP of the Venezuelan state of Táchira is effective against P. aeruginosa in planktonic state but it won’t have antimicrobial activity over biofilms formed by the same species.

Supplementation with humic substances affects the innate immunity in layer hens in posfasting phase / El suplemento de sustancias húmicas afecta la inmunidad innata en gallinas ponedoras en fase posmuda

Objective. Asses the effect of supplementation with Humic substances (HS) over some innate immunity parameters (serum bactericidal activity, phagocytosis, bacterial agglutination, respiratory burst and lisozyme activity) in phase after fasting of layer hens. Materials and methods. 120 posfasting phase Hy Line Brown layer hens were taken which were distributed into four groups: The first and the second were supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2% of HS, respectively. The third group was supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg on levamisole hydrochloride and fourth group have no supplementation; during sixty days period. Blood samples were collected on 8th, 30th and 60th of experiment day. Results. The phagocytic index and respiratory burst increased significantly at day 30th in HS supplemented groups. Alike, serum bactericidal activity and lisozyme activity improved on 8 th day, nevertheless, changes were no evident latter. The bacterial agglutination was high in supplemented groups evaluated at everyone times. Conclusions. Results showed that HS behave as immunostimulant in the early phase after fasting layer hens.

Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de las sustancias húmicas (SH) sobre algunos parámetros de la inmunidad innata (actividad bactericida del suero, fagocitosis, aglutinación bacteriana, explosión respiratoria y actividad de la lisozima) en la fase posmuda de gallinas ponedoras. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 120 gallinas ponedoras Hy Line Brown en la fase de posmuda, las cuales fueron divididas en cuatro grupos: Los dos primeros fueron suplementados con 0.1 y 0.2% de SH respectivamente, el tercer grupo fue suplementado con 0.25 mg/kg de Clorhidrato de levamisol y el cuarto grupo control sin suplemento; durante un período de 60 días. Las muestras sanguíneas se tomaron los días 8, 30 y 60 del experimento. Resultados. El Índice fagocítico y la explosión respiratoria se incrementaron significativamente a partir del día 30 de suplementación con SH. De la misma manera, la actividad bactericida del suero y la actividad de la lisozima aumentaron al día 8; no obstante no se evidenciaron cambios posteriores. La aglutinación bacteriana fue significativamente mayor en los grupos suplementados en todos los tiempos evaluados. Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran que las SH se comportan como agentes inmunoestimulantes en la fase temprana de la posmuda en gallinas ponedoras Hy Line Brown.

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of crude plant extracts from Colombian biodiversity

On a global scale, people have used plants to treat diseases and infections, and this has raised interest on the plant biodiversity potencial in the search of antimicrobial principles. In this work, 75 crude n-hexanes, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the aerial parts of 25 plants belonging to four botanical families (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae), collected at the Natural Regional Park Ucumari (Risaralda, Colombia), were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial activities were assayed against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and three Gram-negative ones named, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the same plant extracts were tested against the yeast Candida albicans and the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. Overall, the plant extracts examined displayed better bactericide rather than fungicide activities. In general, the best antibacterial activity was showed by the plant extracts from the Rubiaceae family, followed in order by the extracts from the Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae ones. It is important to emphasize the great activity displayed by the methanol extract of Alchornea coelophylla (Euphorbiaceae) that inhibited four out of five bacteria tested (B. Subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli). Furthermore, the best Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for the extracts with antifungal activities were displayed by the dichloromethane extracts from Acalypha diversifolia and Euphorbia sp (Euphorbiaceae). The most susceptible fungus evaluated was F. Solani since 60% and 20% of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of this phytopathogenic fungus. The antimicrobial activity of the different plant extracts examined in this work could be related to the secondary metabolites contents and their interaction and susceptibility of pathogenic microorganism evaluated.

Alrededor del mundo, la gente ha usado las plantas para tratar enfermedades e infecciones, este potencial ha hecho que se incremente el interés en la biodiversidad vegetal como fuente de principios antimicrobianos. En este trabajo, se evaluaron 75 extractos crudos de n-hexano, diclorometano y metanol, obtenidos a partir de la parte aérea de 25 especies de plantas proveniente de cuatro familias botánicas (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae y Solanaceae), colectadas en el Parque Regional Natural Ucumari (Risaralda, Colombia); los cuales fueron evaluados por sus actividades antibacteriana y antifúngica a través del método de difusión en pozo. La actividad antibacteriana fue ensayada frente a las bacterias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus aureus y Bacillus subtilis, y las g-negativas Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adicionalmente, las mismas plantas fueron evaluadas frente a la levadura Candida albicans y los hongos Aspergillus fumigatus y Fusarium solani. En general, las plantas ensayadas mostraron mejor actividad antibacteriana que antifúngica; donde la familia Rubiaceae fue la que presentó mayor actividad antibacteriana, seguida por las familias Euphorbiaceae y Solanaceae. El extracto metanólico de Alchornea coelophylla (Euphorbiaceae) fue el que presentó mejor actividad antibacteriana al inhibir cuatro de las bacteria ensayadas (B. Subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus y E. coli); y los extractos de diclorometano de Acalypha diversifolia y Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) fueron los que tuvieron la menor Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria en la actividad antifúngica. El hongo evaluado más susceptible fue F. Solani, el cual fue inhibido por el 60% y el 20% de los extractos de diclorometano y metanol, respectivamente. Se considera que la actividad biológica de estos extractos, se relaciona con los metabolitos secundarios que ellos contienen y las diferentes susceptibilidades de los microorganismos patogénicos evaluados.

Difusão de microrganismos, inibição do crescimento e atividade biocida do cianoacrilato super bonder / Diffusion, growth Inhibition and biocide activity of the super bonder cyanoacrylate

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar se o Super Bonder" apresenta algum risco de veiculação de microorganismos em humanos e se possui alguma atividade bactericida ou bacteriostática para cocos gram-positivo. Foi testada a esterilidade de dez tubas do adesivo nos meios de cultivo BHI, agar sangue, agar Sabouraud com cloranfenicol e Mycosel. A provável ação bactericida ou bacteriostática do adesivo Super Bonder"', in vitro, foi verificada utilizando cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e staphylococcus epidermidir, semeadas em meio de cultura agar sangue e agar Mueller-Hinton. Nao foi observado crescimento de microrganismos nos meios de cultura contendo somente gotas de Super Bonder"'. No agar sangue, observou-se ausência de beta-hemólise e de crescimento bacteriano nas áreas de sobreposição do adesivo. Em agarMueller-Hinton, houve rarefação de colônias ao redor das gotas do cianoacrilato.Os dados deste trabalho mostram que a cola de cianoacrilato Super Bonder"' parece ser livre de contaminação por microrganismos e apresenta possfvel atividade bacteriostatica in vitro.

The purposes of the present study were to verify the human's risk of the Super Bondet microorganisms' diffusion and the probably biocide or bacteriostatic adhesive's activity for gram-positive cocci. The sterility of ten tubes of the adhesive was tested in BHI culture tube and blood-agar, agar-Sabouraud with cloranfenicol and Mycosel culture plates. The biocide or bacteriostatic activity of the Super Bondet adhesive, in vitro, was verified using cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis,seeded on blood-agar and agar-Mueller-Hinton culture plates. No microorganisms' growth was observed in the culture plates containing only drops of the Super Bondet. In agar-Mueller-Hinton, zones with reduced number of colonies were noticed around the cyanoacrylate's drops. In blood-agar, absence of haemolysis-beta and bacterial growth were observed in the covered areas of the adhesive. According to the results of this investigation, the Super Bondet cyanoacrylate is free of microorganisms' diffusion and probably inhibits in vitro the bacterial growth.

Análisis preliminar de la actividad antimicrobiana de la planta medicinal Chik chawa (Tagetes nelsonii Greenm) / Preliminary analysis of antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant Chik chawa (Tagetes nelsonii Greenm)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Tagetes nelsonii Greenm., comúnmente llamada Chik chawa, es una planta utilizada en San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México, porque los indígenas de esa región la han utilizado de manera tradicional para el tratamiento empírico de las diarreas, dolor de cabeza y fiebre; por lo cual los pobladores la han adoptado como una planta medicinal. OBJETIVO: determinar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de extractos de T. nelsonii. MÉTODOS: se prepararon 3 diferentes extractos, hexánico, metanólico y diclorometánico, de follaje de T. nelsonii, así como también infusión, los cuales fueron probados frente a 7 diferentes cepas microbianas por el método de dilución en placa de agar. A los extractos activos se les determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria frente a las cepas microbianas que fueron susceptibles y las concentraciones mínimas bactericidas se determinaron mediante el método de dilución en caldo.RESULTADOS: 4 de las 7 cepas estudiadas fueron sensibles, estas fueron P. mirabilis al extracto metanólico, S. aureus y P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27863) a los extractos metanólico, hexánico y diclorometánico y C. albicans al extracto diclorometánico. La infusión de chik chawa no mostró actividad antimicrobiana. El extracto metanólico frente a P. mirabilis y S. aureus mostró efecto bactericida. CONCLUSIONES: los extractos orgánicos de Chik chawa mostraron actividad antimicrobiana sobre cepas bacterianas asociadas comúnmente con enfermedades humanas. Ninguno de los extractos causó efecto antifúngico. Se necesitan otros estudios para dilucidar los principios activos responsables de la actividad antibacteriana en los extractos probados.

INTRODUCTION: Tagetes nelsonii Greenm, usually called Chik chawa, is a plant used in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, México, because of natives from that region used it in a traditional way for empirical treatment of diarrheas, headache and fever, which has been adopted as a medicinal plant.OBJECTIVE: to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of T. nelsonii extracts. METHODS: three extracts were prepared: hexanic, methanolic and dichloromethanic from the T. nelsonii foliage, as well as a infusion, which were assayed versus 7 different microbial strains by agar plate diffusion method. In active extracts the inhibitory minimal concentration were determined versus susceptible microbial strains and the bactericidal minimal concentrations were determined by broth dilution method. RESULTS: four of the 7 study strains were sensible including P. mirabilis to methanolic extract, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27863) to methanolic, hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts, and C. albicans to dichloromethanic extract. Chik chawa infussion has not antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS: methanolic extract versus P. mirabilis y S. aureus showed this kind of activity on bacterial strains commonly associated with human diseases. Other studies are necessary to elucidate the active principles accounting for the antibacterial activity in the assayed extracts.